AAPI: Newsletter, March 2026

DELHI, March 2026

Index of this Newsletter

INDIA

INDIA & THE WORLD

21. Brazil and India: A New Era of AI and Agricultural Cooperation
22. US Supreme Court Strikes Down Trump’s Global Tariffs, Relief For India And Other Nations
23. India races to grab Russian oil after US waiver
24. Over 2,000 filings a year: The compliance cost of India's GCC boom
25. Indian universities older than many modern nations

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DELHI, March 2026

NEWSLETTER, March 2026

INDIA

– GENERAL POLICY, INFRASTRUCTURES, COUNTRY FINANCES, ETC.

- General policy, Infrastructures, Country Finances, etc.

1. Empowering Women and Financial Inclusion: The Impact of Crisil Foundation

ET Gov. 16 Feb. 2026

Crisil Foundation was created at a moment of institutional introspection, when one of India’s most influential analytics organisations decided to apply its core strengths to a pressing national challenge.

In this conversation with Anoop Verma, conducted on the sidelines of the Global Financial Inclusion Summit organised by ACCESS Development Services, Maya Vengurlekar, Chief Operating Officer of Crisil Foundation, reflects on how data, research, and ground-level engagement have shaped the Foundation’s work in financial inclusion, financial resilience, and environmental sustainability.

From pioneering India’s first Financial Inclusion Index to building women-led last-mile delivery models and managing large-scale financial literacy programmes for the Reserve Bank of India, she outlines how evidence-based social action can translate into durable impact.

Edited excerpts:

Crisil is globally known as an analytics company. What led to the creation of Crisil Foundation, and what was its original purpose?

Crisil Foundation was established in 2013, slightly before the CSR law formally came into effect. The timing was significant because Crisil had just completed its silver jubilee, and there was a strong internal reflection on giving back to the ecosystem in which the organisation had grown and thrived. The leadership felt that since Crisil had benefited so deeply from India’s financial ecosystem, it was important to contribute meaningfully towards strengthening that very ecosystem. That thinking led to the formation of the Foundation, with a clear focus on financial inclusion and financial resilience. For the last twelve years, we have worked very deliberately and in a highly focused manner in this space.

Financial inclusion in India often suffers from a lack of granular data. Given Crisil’s strengths in analytics, how does the Foundation leverage data in its work?

Data is central to how we think and operate, but it is important to clarify how we use it. Crisil is a research- and data-driven organisation, so naturally we rely on data to design programmes and guide decisions.

Our journey in financial inclusion actually began with a data gap. Around 2009–10, well before the launch of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, we realised that India still had a long way to go in bridging financial inclusion gaps. What was missing was granular, district-level information that could tell policymakers and practitioners where interventions were most urgently needed.

This led to the creation of India’s first Financial Inclusion Index, the Crisil Inclusix, which Crisil launched in 2013. The index mapped inclusion and exclusion at the district level and provided valuable insights for policy design. It also shaped our own programmatic decisions. For instance, it helped us identify the North East as a priority region, with Assam becoming our first intervention state for CSR. The index highlighted sharp contrasts, such as districts like Pathanamthitta in Kerala achieving a perfect score of 100, while others lagged far behind. This is how Crisil’s research and data DNA is embedded in the Foundation’s work.

Most people associate Crisil with credit ratings for loans and financial instruments. Is there scope for using analytics to help the poorest access credit, especially those without formal documentation?

That question moves into the credit bureau and credit scoring space. Crisil Foundation itself is not involved in this area. However, at a broader ecosystem level, there is growing interest in alternative credit scoring models that can leverage non-traditional data. The Finance Minister has spoken about initiatives such as the Grameen Credit Score in the previous year’s Union Budget, and there may be more clarity on this going forward. These models could potentially help assess repayment capacity even when formal documentation is limited. While this is an important development to watch, it is not an area where the Foundation is directly engaged at present.

One of Crisil Foundation’s flagship initiatives is the Mein Pragati programme, which works through women community workers or Sakhis. How has this programme evolved, and how do you assess its impact?

Over the past decade, the Mein Pragati programme has evolved significantly and has demonstrated strong impact. Today, we work with a cadre of around 5,200 women Sakhis operating across 5,000+ villages in Assam and Rajasthan. These women deliver doorstep services related to financial awareness, banking access, and government welfare entitlements. Importantly, they operate on a service-fee model, charging a small amount for the convenience they provide. This has made them financially self-sustainable.

In terms of outreach, the programme has reached more than 40 lakh rural citizens. Over 25 lakh service linkages have been facilitated by the Sakhis, and collectively, they have earned more than ₹15 crore. Beyond numbers, the programme has also led to significant social outcomes. Many women, despite having no prior political background, have become politically empowered. Some have contested local Panchayat elections and even won. The programme has received the National CSR Award twice, which further validates its impact.

We have leveraged AI/ML tools to conduct a granular psychometric analysis of these 5,200+ Sakhis, thereby categorizing them based on their entrepreneurial potential. This has greatly helped us understand the cadre in a granular manner, thereby being able to provide very specific capacity building and handholding support to specific categories of Sakhis. These insights are being leveraged to also plan our intervention going forward in 2026.

Crisil Foundation also runs MoneyWise Centres for Financial Literacy under an RBI-led initiative. Could you explain the scope of this programme and your experience implementing it?

The MoneyWise Centres for Financial Literacy are part of one of the largest and most ambitious financial literacy initiatives led by the Reserve Bank of India. Under this national framework, multiple implementing agencies manage block-level MoneyWise Centres for Financial Literacy, and Crisil Foundation is among the largest implementing partners.

We currently operate more than 700 centres across 13 states and four Union Territories. Through these centres, trained grassroots staff (handpicked from the local communities) conduct active outreach in villages and communities. They create awareness about financial products, services, and access points, facilitate large linkage camps in collaboration with business correspondents and local banks, and play a critical role in educating citizens about financial frauds and grievance redressal mechanisms.

This programme has allowed us to reach some of the most remote and previously unreached regions of the country, including states like Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and many aspirational districts. It has significantly expanded the Foundation’s geographic footprint and deepened our understanding of ground-level financial vulnerabilities.

You have also launched the GramShakti app to train the Sakhis. How does this digital platform support capacity building?

Continuous training is essential because the financial inclusion space is constantly evolving. Gram Shakti is a mobile-based learning and certification platform designed specifically for our Sakhis. It offers around 30 hours of structured content across 11 modules, progressing from basic to intermediate and advanced levels. After completing all modules, participants take an online assessment, and those who qualify receive formal certification during a convocation ceremony.

I am pleased to share that out of our 5,000 Sakhis, more than 3,600 have already completed this certification. Additionally, under the Bima Sakhi initiative launched by LIC of India and the Government of India, over 1,700 of our Sakhis have qualified by clearing the examination. Their training and capacity building were largely supported through the GramShakti app and our broader learning ecosystem.

Beyond finance, Crisil Foundation has also taken up environmental initiatives. How does an analytics-driven organisation approach environmental sustainability?

Our CSR philosophy at Crisil is to do good using what we are good at. Since we specialise in data and research, we bring the same discipline to our environmental work. We chose the environment because it affects all of us, and as a responsible corporate citizen, we wanted to contribute meaningfully. At the same time, we deliberately kept our environmental focus narrow and simple.

Aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goal of “Life on Land,” we focus on native afforestation and water conservation. We have planted close to four lakh saplings and place strong emphasis on maintenance to ensure high survival rates. This is where data plays a critical role. We rigorously track plantation survival and do not adopt a “plant and forget” approach. Similarly, in water conservation, we conduct impact studies to assess conditions before and after interventions. Measurement, monitoring, and evidence-based decision-making remain central to our environmental work.

2. India pushes massive nuclear power expansion

India is advancing its nuclear energy ambitions with 6,600 MW under construction and another 7,000 MW in planning, aiming for 100 GW capacity by 2047. The government is also investing ₹20,000 crore in indigenous small modular reactor development. These moves are part of a broader strategy to meet rising energy demands and climate goals while diversifying the energy mix.

India accelerates nuclear capacity construction

Power Minister Manohar Lal confirmed that 6,600 MW of nuclear capacity is currently under construction, targeted for completion by 2029-30, alongside 7,000 MW in various planning and approval stages. This expansion would more than double the current nuclear capacity of over 8,780 MW if both phases are realised. The government says the drive aims to meet growing energy needs and support climate commitments. The Economic Times + 2

₹20,000 crore push for small modular reactors

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s Budget 2026 earmarked ₹20,000 crore for the research, design, development, and deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs). The Department of Atomic Energy’s Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is working on the 220 MWe BSMR-200, 55 MWe SMR-55, and up to 5 MWth high-temperature gas-cooled reactor for hydrogen generation. All three projects have received in-principle approvals, with lead units to be established at DAE sites for technology demonstration. Live Mint.

Roadmap to 100 GW nuclear capacity

Union Minister Jitendra Singh outlined a roadmap to grow nuclear power capacity from 8.78 GW to 100 GW by 2047. The plan projects 22 GW by 2031-32 from ongoing and planned projects, 54 GW by 2047 through NPCIL-led indigenous and foreign-assisted reactors, and the remaining 46 GW from other public and private sector players. This expansion includes diverse technologies to reduce reliance on legacy systems and boost energy security. Live Mint + 1

Possible futures for India’s nuclear strategy

If current plans advance as scheduled, India could significantly expand its low-carbon energy mix and reduce fossil fuel dependence in the coming decades. Delays in approvals, financing, or technology deployment—especially for SMRs—could slow progress, potentially affecting the 100 GW target. The scale of foreign cooperation and private sector participation will be key factors shaping the outcome.

3. AI, Cybersecurity, and India’s Digital Statecraft: Insights from Dr. Rajendra Kumar

ETGov. 16 Feb. 2026

Artificial intelligence, digital public infrastructure and cybersecurity are no longer peripheral themes in governance—they are central to the architecture of national resilience. At a time when India is moving decisively from digital enablement to digital statecraft, the Ministry of Home Affairs stands at a critical intersection of technology, security and institutional capacity.

In this conversation with Anoop Verma, Dr. Rajendra Kumar, Secretary, Department of Border Management, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, reflects on how AI is reshaping governance outcomes, strengthening internal security frameworks and reinforcing sovereign decision-making. He discusses the evolution of digital public infrastructure in the AI era, the imperatives of cybersecurity preparedness amid hybrid threats, the need for institutional safeguards in algorithmic governance, and the balance between innovation, accountability and national interest.

Dr. Kumar’s perspective situates technology not merely as a tool of efficiency, but as an instrument of strategic statecraft—one that must be guided by constitutional values, institutional resilience and a citizen-centric vision aligned with Viksit Bharat @2047.

Edited excerpts:

India is moving from digital enablement to digital statecraft. How do you see artificial intelligence reshaping governance outcomes rather than just administrative efficiency?

India’s transition from digital enablement to digital statecraft represents a structural shift in how the Government of India conceives, designs and delivers public policy. Technology is no longer seen merely as a back-office efficiency tool; it is now a strategic instrument of governance and national capability, aligned with the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047.

Artificial intelligence allows the Government to move from reactive governance to anticipatory, adaptive and proactive governance. By leveraging data intelligently, it becomes possible to forecast needs, target interventions more precisely and dynamically recalibrate policy design.

To reinforce this shift, the Government must focus on building indigenous compute capacity, creating high-quality datasets and establishing responsible AI frameworks. The objective is to ensure that AI strengthens sovereign decision-making rather than becoming an opaque layer of automation in service delivery processes.

Governments globally are experimenting with AI in service delivery, forecasting and regulation. What distinguishes India’s approach, especially in balancing innovation with democratic accountability?

India’s approach to AI governance is shaped by three interlinked characteristics.

First, population-scale governance. AI deployment in India must function across extraordinary scale, diversity and informality. That requires systems that are robust, explainable and inclusive, and capable of operating with offline or low-tech fallbacks. This imperative is central to the inclusive growth agenda of Viksit Bharat.

Second, Public Digital Infrastructure as the foundation. Unlike platform-centric or purely market-driven models, India has invested in open, interoperable and modular DPI that acts as a public good. The Government now needs to build a full AI stack as a DPI, enabling rapid development and deployment of AI use cases across sectors.

Third, democratic accountability by design. India’s constitutional commitments to due process, judicial review, parliamentary oversight and fundamental rights necessitate strong guardrails around AI deployment, particularly in areas such as health, education, public service delivery, security and regulatory enforcement.

Digital public infrastructure has become a cornerstone of India’s governance model. How can DPI evolve in the AI era without centralising power or excluding marginal users?

In the AI era, DPI should evolve from being merely a delivery framework to becoming a shared governance framework. That means moving away from overly centralised systems towards federated architectures. There must be a clear separation between identity, data and decision-making, along with consent-based data sharing.

Open standards are critical to promote competition, innovation and domestic capacity, while avoiding vendor lock-in. At the same time, inclusive design must remain a priority. Continued investment in multilingual and voice-based interfaces, assisted digital services and equitable access is essential to ensure that AI-enabled DPI narrows rather than widens India’s existing digital and socio-economic divides.

As AI systems begin to influence public decision-making, what institutional safeguards are necessary to ensure transparency, auditability and public trust?

As AI systems increasingly shape public decision-making, institutional safeguards must evolve accordingly. Transparency is fundamental. Citizens should have clarity on where and how AI is being used.

Strong audit mechanisms are equally important. Independent audits, impact assessments and version control systems help ensure that AI systems remain safe, reliable and accountable. Human oversight must be built into the system, with clearly defined points for review and override of algorithmic outputs.

Accessible grievance redressal mechanisms are also crucial. Citizens must have the ability to challenge decisions that are influenced by AI systems.

Cybersecurity is no longer a purely technical issue but a question of national resilience. How should governments rethink cyber preparedness in an age of AI-enabled threats and hybrid warfare?

Governments need to shift towards resilience-based preparedness. This includes continuous threat intelligence and predictive analytics, strong coordination across critical sectors such as defence, telecom, energy, finance and civil administration, and regular stress-testing of digital public infrastructure.

It is also important to build capacity within government institutions by developing in-house skilled professionals. Institutional continuity and memory are vital, and excessive reliance on external vendors can weaken that continuity. Ultimately, cybersecurity is not only about preventing attacks. It is about ensuring resilience and continuity of governance even under extreme stress, whether from cyber incidents or natural disasters.

India’s digital inclusion efforts have focused on scale and access. What should be the next phase to ensure meaningful inclusion, especially for women, rural communities and informal workers?

In line with the goals of Viksit Bharat @2047, the next phase must move beyond access and focus on meaningful, empowered participation. AI systems need to reflect women’s work patterns, informal livelihoods and rural realities. There must be a shift from device ownership to capability-building, including digital literacy, financial literacy and AI awareness. Strengthening community intermediaries such as self-help groups, local entrepreneurs and start-up ecosystems is also critical. Frontline workers can act as trusted digital bridges, ensuring that technology translates into real empowerment.

With the rise of algorithmic governance, how can the state prevent digital exclusion caused by language barriers, data bias or unequal digital literacy?

Algorithmic governance can unintentionally exclude citizens due to language barriers, biased datasets or uneven digital literacy. To address this, systems must provide multilingual and voice-based interfaces across Indian languages. Datasets should be diverse and representative to reduce bias. In addition, assisted or hybrid service models, where human support complements automated systems, can help ensure that no citizen is left behind.

Data is increasingly described as a strategic asset. How should governments strike a balance between data sovereignty, cross-border data flows and innovation-led growth?

Data sovereignty should be understood as sovereign control combined with calibrated openness. Governments must protect sensitive, personal and strategic data. At the same time, they should enable trusted cross-border data flows through adequacy frameworks and bilateral or multilateral agreements. It is equally important to foster domestic data ecosystems that support innovation, research, start-ups and MSMEs. The objective is to align sovereignty with growth rather than treating them as opposing goals.

India is emerging as a voice in global technology governance forums. What principles should guide India’s engagement on AI norms, cyber rules and digital cooperation?

India’s engagement in global technology governance should be guided by democratic legitimacy and a commitment to human-centric AI that prioritises transparency, accountability and safety. Developmental equity must remain central, especially given India’s position between advanced economies and the Global South. India can play a bridging role in shaping global AI, cyber and digital cooperation norms that are ethical, inclusive and practically implementable. India should also advocate civilian primacy in cyberspace.

How can public institutions build internal capacity to govern fast-moving technologies without becoming dependent on external vendors or opaque systems?

Governing fast-moving technologies requires sustained institutional capacity. Public institutions must invest in building in-house technical and specialist services, rather than relying excessively on vendors. Continuous learning frameworks are essential. Capacity building cannot be a one-time training exercise. Open-source adoption, modular and outcome-oriented procurement practices, and strong institutional memory can significantly reduce dependence on specific vendors or individuals. There is also a need to set up large-scale AI data centres to support long-term capability and self-reliance.

As private technology platforms play a growing role in public life, where should the line be drawn between collaboration and regulation?

Collaboration with private technology platforms is necessary for innovation and scale. However, regulation becomes essential wherever public interest, constitutional rights or national security are at stake. The line must also be drawn where market concentration harms competition or where accountability and public trust are weakened. The objective is not to stifle innovation, but to ensure that it operates within a framework that protects democratic values and national interests.

What does a “citizen-centric AI state” look like in practical terms, and how far is India from achieving that vision?

A citizen-centric AI state is one in which systems are built around citizen needs rather than departmental silos. Decisions are explainable and open to review or challenge. Technology strengthens dignity, choice and trust. India has already laid strong foundations through its digital public infrastructure, constitutional safeguards and the IndiaAI Mission. At this stage, achieving the vision of a citizen-centric AI state is less about technology and more about institutional culture, capacity building and sustained trust in public systems.

4. Mumbai cluster redevelopment: 800–1,000 acres of land opened up in the last year, says MHADA CEO Sanjeev Jaiswal

Hindudtan Times, 13 Mar. 2026, Mehul R Thakkar

Key takeaways

Redevelopment Scale: MHADA CEO Sanjeev Jaiswal announced 800–1,000 acres in Mumbai opened for cluster redevelopment, with layouts ranging from 40 to 140 acres, including Motilal Nagar, GTB Nagar, Kamathipura, and others.

Housing Impact: Over 10 lakh sq metres of built-up housing stock expected, translating to 20,000+ apartments for public allocation at redirected rates.

Policy & Growth: Maharashtra aims to contribute $1.5 trillion to India’s $5 trillion economy by 2027, supported by infrastructure expansion, investment inflows, and reforms to improve housing affordability.

Mumbai real estate update: Over the past year, 800 to 1,000 acres of land in Mumbai have been opened up for redevelopment under the cluster development model, Sanjeev Jaiswal, vice president and CEO of the Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA).

Over the past year, 800 to 1,000 acres of land in Mumbai have been opened up for redevelopment under the cluster development model, Sanjeev Jaiswal, vice president and CEO of the Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA), said at a panel discussion during the iDAC Expo 2026 in Mumbai on March 12.

According to Jaiswal, “...in the last one year, in Mumbai alone, either approved by the Cabinet, or the developer has been appointed or in tender process, whatever be the reasons, more than 800 to 1,000 acres of land in proper Mumbai is opening up for redevelopment on a cluster model. And trust me when I say this, every layout is expanding almost to 40 acres, 60 acres, 100 acres, or 140 acres," Jaiswal said.

To cite a few examples, the Motilal Nagar redevelopment spans about 140 acres, while GTB Nagar, Kamathipura, Bandra Reclamation, Aaram Nagar, Adarsh Nagar, Gorai, and Charkop are among the cluster redevelopment projects that MHADA has taken up or is currently pursuing, Jaiswal said.

He said that on March 16, the government will hand over keys to residents of Naigaon in central Mumbai, who are being rehabilitated as part of the redevelopment of the over 100-year-old Bombay Development Directorate (BDD) chawls.

Also Read: MHADA Lottery 2026: 5,000 affordable homes likely to be offered in Mumbai in the next two months. In the coming years, Jaiswal said MHADA is expected to receive over 10 lakh sq metres of built-up housing stock. “If I convert to a 500 sq ft apartment, it comes to more than 20,000 apartments, which will be opened up, on the redirected rates, for the common public in Mumbai,” he said.

Also Read: Tata Sons leases sea-facing bungalow ‘Cabins’ in Mumbai's Colaba, where Ratan Tata lived, for ₹11.07 crore

Jaiswal also highlighted the need for structural reforms to improve housing affordability. “If we rationalise premiums, development charges and other costs associated with housing development, the affordability index in cities like Mumbai could reduce significantly. Policy reforms combined with faster approvals can help accelerate housing supply and make homes more accessible to citizens.”

Maharashtra to contribute $1.5 trillion to India’s $5 trillion economy: Deputy CM Eknath Shinde

Speaking during the iDAC expo, Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Eknath Shinde, who is also the housing minister, said, "The state is poised to contribute nearly $1.5 trillion to the national $5 trillion economy vision by 2027, provided global economic conditions remain stable.”

“Maharashtra will continue to lead India’s growth story. With strong policy support, infrastructure expansion and investor confidence, the state is on track to play a major role in achieving the country’s $5 trillion economy target, with Maharashtra alone contributing nearly $1.5 trillion to the national GDP,” said Shinde.

Also Read: MHADA to construct 8 lakh affordable homes in the next five years: Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Eknath Shinde

Shinde said, "Maharashtra’s massive infrastructure and investment push, announcing that ₹2.96 lakh crore worth of investments expected in 2026 will generate nearly 3 lakh jobs, further strengthening Mumbai and the state as India’s leading economic and infrastructure growth engine.”

He said that the government’s focus on infrastructure, housing, and industrial growth is transforming the Mumbai Metropolitan Region into a globally competitive urban and economic hub.

Read more news like this on HindustanTimes.com

5. India's semiconductor ecosystem to produce 80M chips per day: IESA

Asianet News Central, 12 Mar. 2026

Key takeaways

Production Milestone: India’s semiconductor ecosystem is set to achieve 75-80 million chips per day, boosting both domestic use and exports, marking a major milestone in the global semiconductor value chain.

Focus on Assembly & Testing: New plants like Micron, Tata Electronics, and Kaynes Technology will operate as OSAT/ATMP facilities, assembling and testing chips (14-28nm), while wafers are imported.

Company Contributions: - Tata Electronics: >50M chips/day for industrial & automotive sectors. - CG Power: Up to 15M chips/day for industrial & automotive ICs. - Kaynes Technology: Advanced power modules, PCBs for multiple industries.

-India to Reach 80 Million Chips/Day Capacity

India's semiconductor ecosystem is expected to achieve a production capacity of 75-80 million chips per day as several newly announced semiconductor plants begin operations by the end of this year or early next year, according to Ashok Chandak, President of the India Electronics and Semiconductor Association (IESA) and SEMI India.

Speaking to ANI, Chandak said that once all the announced semiconductor facilities become operational, India will see a significant boost in chip assembly and testing capacity. "So, totally all these companies put together, those who have announced the plants, in production by the end of the year, maybe early next year, depending on the schedule, we are looking at 75 to 80 million chips per day capacity, which is progressive," he said.

He added that this scale of production would mark a major milestone for the country's semiconductor sector. "Seventy-five to eighty million chips per day is a very big capacity. Some of it will get consumed in India, but a large part will be exported. By the end of the year, India's reputation and position worldwide in the semiconductor value chain will be very different," he said.

- Focus on Assembly and Testing (OSAT/ATMP)

Chandak explained that India's semiconductor output in the near term will largely focus on assembly and testing of chips rather than wafer fabrication. According to him, the recently inaugurated facility of Micron Technology in India operates as an ATMP (Assembly, Test, Mark and Pack) plant, which is considered a smart packaging facility. Similar facilities being developed by companies such as Tata Electronics, Kaynes Technology and CG Power and Industrial Solutions will operate as OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) plants. "These plants essentially perform the same task of assembling and testing semiconductor chips," Chandak said.

He noted that the Micron plant will manufacture memory chips, including advanced DRAM, NAND and SSD (solid-state drives), which are widely used across sectors. "These are among the latest cutting-edge chips. Because of the rise in AI workloads, demand for memory chips has increased significantly and there is a shortage in the market," he said, adding that much of the global capacity is currently focused on AI requirements, while sectors such as smartphones, laptops and automotive are facing supply challenges.

Chandak said the chips assembled and tested in India will be used across multiple applications, including AI workloads, automotive systems, laptops and smartphones. At present, the chips being assembled and tested are likely to be in the 14 nanometre to 28 nanometre range, while the wafer itself will continue to come from outside India. "The wafer is not made in India yet; it comes from outside and the work done here is assembly and testing," he said.

- Individual Company Contributions

He further said that other companies are preparing to begin production in the coming months. Kaynes Technology is expected to assemble advanced power modules including IGBTs and other power devices, while also producing printed circuit boards (PCBs) that serve as the base for electronic products. These components will cater to sectors such as automotive, industrial, consumer electronics and defence.

Meanwhile, Tata Electronics is expected to run an OSAT facility in Jagiroad, Assam, where it will manufacture power devices and multi-chip modules mainly for industrial and automotive applications. According to Chandak, the Tata facility will have a capacity of more than 50 million chips per day.

He also said that CG Power's semiconductor unit will focus on a broad range of integrated circuits for industrial and automotive applications. The project will be executed in two phases, and once both phases are completed, the facility's capacity could reach 15 million chips per day.

With multiple projects progressing simultaneously, Chandak said India is set to strengthen its position in the global semiconductor ecosystem in the coming years. (ANI)

(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by Asianet Newsable English staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)

- Agriculture, Fishing and Rural Development

6. Transforming Indian Agriculture: Empowering Farmers for Global Trade Success

ET Gov. 26 Feb. 2026

The Government of India had initiated its steady efforts to trigger economic growth through unified resolve of agriculture, industries, tourism and service sectors to ultimately accomplish “Viksit Bharat@2047”.

This mission, launched in 2018, is being supported by appropriate policies, technologies, innovations and entrepreneurial investment. In addition, a special focus is on the development of affordable modern infrastructure, transportation and other logistics facilities. These efforts have led to increasing success of “Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises” (MSMEs), “Start-up India”, “MUDRA Yojana”, “Skill India”, “Make in India”, “Digital India” etc. and helped stakeholders in keeping away the fear of competition.

Consequently, the growing confidence facilitated India in building a bold trade strategy. The year 2025-26 has emerged as a landmark period in India’s economic diplomacy as it signed multiple Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with the European Union, USA, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Nepal, Netherlands, Singapore, Australia, and several other countries.

This is being considered a transformative approach of India which would lead to unlock unprecedented opportunities for different economic sectors including agriculture to expand their footprints in global markets. All these efforts are expected to drive India to become an economy of US$ 30 trillion by 2047.

Surprisingly, India’s transition from self-sustenance to global business mode took considerably longer time. Despite being a member of WTO since 1995, India did little to build capacity to compete in the global market. In contrast, China took an early lead to capture global opportunities and became the US$19.4 trillion economy by 2025.

Address agrarian apprehensions: The interim agreement to sign “Bilateral Trades Agreement (BTA)” with USA has started attracting criticisms from agriculture sector because of conceding India to import some products like apple, cotton, dried distillery grain soluble (DDGS), red sorghum, soybean oil etc. The broader objective of BTA related to agriculture can only be achieved by addressing apprehensions of farmers and empowering them to participate in agri-trade.

The new generation of farmers is understanding the importance of agri-trade in this changing world trade order. They do not want to confront but need their handholding to harness the opportunities arising in global agri-trade. The agitation in 2020-21 against the three “Farm Bills” (passed in parliament in 2020 and later withdrawn by government in 2021), incurred huge losses to farmers, though the debate is still on to decide whether those “Farm Bills” were black or green.

Unquestionably, the reforms in the agriculture sector are urgently needed because the stagnation in farm-income has been one of the major concerns. The subsidies and MSP based efforts to substantially enhance the income of the small and marginal farmers could not achieve the objective.

Dr Indermit Gill, the renowned economist working with World Bank Group, had also opined that “Law of Diminishing Return” on physical capital starts functioning when countries do not refine & strengthen their innovative capacities which lead them to falling into “Lower or Middle Income Trap”. It looks like this has happened with the agriculture sector.

Besides, the continued stumpy collaboration between farmers and the private sector severely restricted the market oriented growth of the agriculture sector leading to farm income stagnation. The trust between farmers and the private sector needs to be built. Nevertheless, the Viksit Bharat Vision continued to inspire young farmers and stakeholders to play a greater role in the economic development of the country.

Due to the implementation of about two dozen short term and long-term schemes, this sector is now fast stepping towards increasing its share in GVA, generation of respectable employment to attract skilled youth, enhancing return on investment and developing market orientation. Further, the Budget for 2026-27 looks more dynamic to align domestic reforms with international agri-trade openings.

However, the farmers need to be enlightened about the budget provisions made to reimagine agriculture for becoming globally competitive and integrating small & marginal farmers to become active contributors to the Viksit Bharat Mission.

Empower agriculture through value creation: At production front, agriculture has achieved commendable success, though a lot has to be achieved through technological interventions.

However, the food processing/value addition sector needs a re-enforced attention to harness the opportunities emerging out of fast growing demand of such foods in domestic and international markets. The global processed food market is growing at CGAR 4% and its size was valued at US$ 6522.59 in 2025 and expected to reach at US$ 9655.03 in 2035 (Global Growth Insights).

Now, food processing and value addition need to be considered the key driving force in transforming the farm economy. The diverse agro-climatic conditions of the country allow us to produce enormous volumes of a range of farm products. However, India processes significantly low volume of its total production such as only 2% of fruits and vegetables, 6% poultry, 21% meat, 23% marine products and 35% milk whereas, the spoilage ranges from 15-40%.

The value addition average in advanced economies is around 60-70% in general which goes up to 90% in some cases. The agriculture sector must act swiftly and appropriately by investing in promoting innovation and strengthening infrastructure for processing and value addition. Besides, India also needs to convert the spoilage and about 92 million tonnes crop residue produced every year into wealth.

India had planned to promote agricultural exports from US$ 51.9 billion (2024–25) to US$ 100 billion by 2035. Obviously, the food processing industry can play a greater role in this endeavour. Although, the share of processed foods in food export has increased from 14.9% in 2017-18 to 23.4% in 2022-23 (Business Today Report), it requires to be doubled to realise the aforesaid objective.

Besides, a strategic push is required to identify new markets to further enhance export of rice, sugar, tea, spices, meat, aqua-products, vegetables, fruits, milk products, organic foodstuffs, heritage harvests (GI tagged products), medicinal plants’ products, millets (Shri-Anna).

Establish India brand food-chain: The food processing Industry provides 12.41% employment of the total organized manufacturing sector 2022-23 (Annual Survey of Industries). Skilling youth in automation, robotics, computer vision, machine making, grading, inspection, packaging, traceability, branding, supply chain optimisation and AI application would further enhance avenues of employment and development of Indian food-chains.

The Indian women have inherent knowledge and inclination towards food processing and value addition. They have demonstrated entrepreneurial skills by successfully running a large number of start-ups. Empowering women to establish high quality “India Brand” food supply out-lets at tourist places, air ports and other places of importance including abroad would enlarge the share of Indian processed food in domestic and international markets besides generating a lot of employment.

Scalability limitations: The PM Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) and Production Linked Incentives for food processing are fuelling agro-industry revolution which is expected to position India as a global processed food hub by 2030. Since this sector remained largely unorganized with limited investment for long, the following issues emerged and need attention:

A literacy campaign for making farmers, processing industry and stakeholders aware of net-zero sustainability (minimising emission of GHGs), food-safety standards, sanitary & phyto-sanitary issues and basic hygiene is urgently needed. Without such interventions, India would encounter significant challenges in enhancing its share in the processed food market.

About 90% of food processing units are micro, small, medium enterprises (MSMEs) depending on outdated machinery. They have limited knowledge and financial capacity to meet quality and compliance norms and regulatory processes. Financial support and handholding are required for scaling and modernisation of these units.

Heavy dependence on costly imported machinery makes the domestic food industry vulnerable to multinational food chains. In 2024, the imports of machinery amounted to US$ 857.2 million. Indian manufacturers need to be encouraged to develop standard quality and cost-effective machines and tools to support MSMEs.

Levels for food quality assurance and traceability have also become important parameters in trade. Therefore, digitisation in this sector must be taken at priority.

(The author is Professor (Retd.), Haryana Agriculture University; Ex-Consultant, Haryana Farmers’ Commission; Views expressed are personal)

7. India Allows Wheat Exports, Approves Additional Wheat Products And Sugar Exports

Rural Voice, 13 Feb. 2026, Ajeet Singh

The Government of India has approved exports of 25 lakh tonnes of wheat, 5 lakh tonnes of wheat products, and an additional 5 lakh tonnes of sugar to stabilise domestic prices and manage surplus stocks.

After nearly four years, the Central Government has lifted the ban on wheat exports. The government has approved the export of 25 lakh tonnes of wheat. Along with this, an additional 5 lakh tonnes of wheat products have been sanctioned, supplementing the 5 lakh tonnes authorised a few days ago. In addition to wheat, the export of an extra 5 lakh tonnes of sugar has also been approved.

In May 2022, the Central Government banned wheat exports to curb rising prices caused by a decline in production. Alongside the ban, stock limits were periodically imposed on wheat storage, though these were recently removed.

In view of higher stock availability, softening prices, expected higher production, and the need to prevent distress sales during peak arrivals, the Government’s decision to permit export of 25 lakh tonnes of wheat and 5 lakh tonnes wheat products will help stabilise domestic prices and ensure efficient stock rotation.

Comfortable Wheat Stocks

According to official data, wheat stock availability with private entities during 2025–26 stands at around 75 lakh tonnes, nearly 32 lakh tonnes higher than the corresponding period last year, indicating a comfortable supply position.

As of April 1, 2026, total wheat availability in the central pool managed by the Food Corporation of India is projected at approximately 182 lakh tonnes. The government said this level of stocks ensures that export permissions will not impact domestic food security requirements.

Higher Acreage Signals Strong Output

Wheat acreage in the Rabi 2026 season has increased to about 334.17 lakh hectares compared to 328.04 lakh hectares last year. The rise in area reflects strong farmer confidence, supported by assured Minimum Support Price procurement mechanisms, and points to the likelihood of another robust harvest. The MSP for coming Rabi marketing season is 2585 per quintal.

Additional Sugar Export Quota

Alongside wheat exports, the government has also allowed the export of an additional 5 lakh tonnes of sugar during the ongoing Sugar Season 2025–26. Earlier, 15 lakh tonnes of sugar exports had been permitted through an order issued on November 14, 2025.

As per data furnished by sugar mills, about 1.97 lakh tonnes of sugar had been exported as of January 31, 2026, while around 2.72 lakh tonnes had been contracted for export.

The additional 5 lakh tonnes export quota will be allocated on a pro-rata basis among willing sugar mills, subject to the condition that at least 70 percent of their allocated quantity is exported by June 30, 2026. Mills must submit their willingness within 15 days of the issuance of the order, and the allocated quota cannot be swapped or exchanged.

The government said the decision is expected to facilitate higher sugar exports and help manage surplus availability in the domestic market while improving liquidity for mills and ensuring timely payments to sugarcane farmers.

8. NCEL Signs MoU With HACA To Boost Cooperative Exports From Telangana

RuralVoice, Feb 17, 2026

National Co-operative Exports Limited (NCEL) and Hyderabad Agricultural Co-operative Association Limited (HACA) sign an MoU to boost agricultural exports from Telangana.

In a move aimed at strengthening agricultural exports from Telangana’s cooperative sector, the National Co-operative Exports Limited (NCEL) and Hyderabad Agricultural Co-operative Association Limited (HACA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Hyderabad.

The agreement marks the beginning of a long-term collaboration focused on expanding export opportunities for agricultural and allied products produced by cooperative societies across the state.

The MoU signing ceremony was attended by K. Surendra Mohan, IAS, Secretary, Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of Telangana, along with senior state government officials.

Unupom Kausik, Managing Director, NCEL, said that this strategic partnership is expected to create new opportunities for Telangana’s cooperative societies by connecting them to global markets and enhancing the competitiveness of their products. The MoU underscores the shared commitment of both organisations to empower farmers, cooperatives, and rural communities through sustainable export-driven growth.

Key Areas Of Collaboration

Under the MoU, HACA and NCEL will jointly identify and promote export-worthy agricultural and allied commodities from Telangana’s cooperative societies that have marketable surplus.

The two organisations will also facilitate market linkages by connecting cooperatives and associated entities with domestic and international buyers. NCEL may support procurement and marketing of export-ready commodities from cooperatives, as required.

Another focus area will be the development of a sustainable and profitable value chain for export-ready products. The initiative aims to ensure long-term benefits for farmers by creating resilient supply chains that can meet international standards and demand.

Focus On Inclusive Growth

Speaking on the occasion, K. Surendra Mohan emphasised the role of cooperatives in driving inclusive and equitable growth. He said the collaboration would improve the visibility of Telangana’s agricultural produce in international markets while strengthening the economic position of farmers and cooperative members.

Officials from HACA said the partnership with NCEL would address long-standing challenges related to market access and help ensure that surplus produce from cooperatives reaches buyers worldwide. They noted that access to structured export channels would enhance returns for farmers.

By combining HACA’s grassroots network with NCEL’s export capabilities, the collaboration aims to transform the cooperative export landscape in Telangana and position the state as a hub for high-quality agricultural and allied exports.

9. Amit Shah NDDB OMFED IFFCO Odisha: Amit Shah Launches ₹3,770 Crore Development Projects in Odisha

ET Gov. 9 Mar. 2026

Union Home Minister Amit Shah and Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi during the inauguration of IFFCO Sulphuric Acid Plant, at Paradip, in Jagatsinghpur on Friday.

Union Home and Cooperation Minister Amit Shah inaugurated and laid the foundation stones for a series of development projects in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, covering initiatives of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), the Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation (OMFED), and the Government of Odisha.

The event also marked the inauguration of Sulphuric Acid Plant-III at the IFFCO facility in Paradip and the laying of the foundation stone for a campus of the National Forensic Sciences University (NFSU) in the state.

The programmes were attended by Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan, Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi and several other dignitaries. Addressing the gathering at a Cooperative Development Seminar, Shah said that projects worth more than ₹3,770 crore had been inaugurated or had their foundation stones laid in a single day, calling it an important moment for the development trajectory of the state.

He noted that the newly inaugurated sulphuric acid plant at IFFCO’s Paradip unit would strengthen India’s capacity in the production of a critical industrial input. “The sulphuric acid plant inaugurated today will prove to be a significant step towards making India self-reliant in sulphuric acid,” he said, adding that in the coming years IFFCO and KRIBHCO together could help achieve nationwide self-reliance in the commodity.

According to Shah, several development initiatives spanning both the Union and state governments were launched during the event. Three projects of the Ministry of Home Affairs, four projects of the Ministry of Cooperation, and 173 projects of the Odisha Government were inaugurated or had their foundation stones laid. Of the state government projects, 61 initiatives costing ₹1,230 crore have been completed, while foundation stones were laid for 112 projects worth ₹2,116 crore.

₹3,770 Crore Development Push in Odisha

A key institutional initiative announced during the event was the establishment of a campus of the National Forensic Sciences University in Odisha. A temporary campus has already been inaugurated, while the permanent campus is expected to become fully operational within three years. The facility will offer around 30 courses and is expected to accommodate approximately 2,500 students.

Highlighting the broader objective of strengthening the criminal justice system, Shah said the government is expanding forensic infrastructure across the country. “The government is preparing forensic manpower by establishing forensic science laboratories and campuses of the National Forensic Sciences University across the country,” he said.

He also referred to the implementation of India’s new criminal laws and the role of forensic evidence in modernising the legal framework. According to Shah, forensic science teams will now be mandatory in investigations of crimes punishable with more than seven years of imprisonment, which he described as a step toward building a more scientific and evidence-based justice system.

Speaking about law enforcement outcomes in the state, Shah noted that Odisha has recorded a conviction rate of over 87 percent in FIRs registered under the new criminal laws, attributing the improvement to the adoption of scientific investigation methods and stronger evidence systems.

The Union minister also highlighted developments in the cooperative sector, particularly in dairy and agricultural infrastructure. He said that the Ministry of Cooperation and the Government of Odisha plan to work together to establish a strong cooperative network in villages across the state. “The Ministry of Cooperation of the Government of India and the Government of Odisha will jointly build a strong cooperative base in every village in Odisha on the lines of Amul,” he said.

Shah pointed out that Odisha possesses significant potential in dairy development due to its water resources and agricultural base. He added that a special campaign will be launched to expand dairy cooperatives across rural areas, with the aim of improving livelihoods, particularly for women and small farmers.

During his address, Shah also referred to broader national economic developments, noting that India has signed multiple free trade agreements in recent years and continues to record strong economic growth. “From 2021 until now, eight Free Trade Agreements have been signed, accelerating India’s development,” he said, citing agreements with Mauritius, the UAE, Australia, EFTA countries, the UK, Oman, New Zealand and the European Union.

On internal security, Shah said that the government has intensified its efforts to eliminate Left-wing extremism. “By the end of this month, the country will become completely free from Naxalism,” he said, adding that development initiatives are being accelerated in regions previously affected by insurgency.

He also emphasised that development programmes are being designed to reach communities that were historically left behind. “The government is working at double speed for every tribal who was deprived of development due to Naxalism,” he said.

Referring to the Paradip facility of IFFCO, Shah said that the cooperative enterprise has significantly expanded its production capacity since acquiring the plant in 2005. He noted that the facility’s capacity has increased from 7.5 lakh metric tonnes to around 22 lakh metric tonnes, supporting fertilizer production and strengthening India’s agricultural supply chain.

He also highlighted IFFCO’s initiatives to reduce excessive use of chemical fertilizers through innovations such as Nano Urea and Nano DAP, as well as the PM-PRANAM programme aimed at improving soil health and sustainable agriculture.

Concluding his remarks, Shah said that the cooperative model continues to play a crucial role in India’s rural economy. He noted that IFFCO’s financial strength ultimately benefits farmers across the country. “Whatever IFFCO earns ultimately benefits five crore farmers of the country,” he said, adding that the cooperative’s revenues and profits reflect the collective strength of India’s agricultural community.

The event underscored the Centre’s emphasis on cooperative-led rural development, expansion of forensic and legal infrastructure, and strengthening industrial capacity in sectors linked to agriculture and chemicals. Together, these initiatives are expected to contribute to economic growth, improved governance, and expanded opportunities for farmers and rural communities in Odisha.

10. DSR can reduce water use by up to 35% and cut cultivation costs by Rs 14,000/ha; FSII calls for wider adoption

RuralVoice, Mar 10, 2026

Experts at an FSII conference in New Delhi said Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) can reduce water use by up to 35% and cut cultivation costs by around Rs 14,000 per hectare. With groundwater depletion rising in major rice-growing states, industry and scientists called for wider adoption of DSR to promote sustainable and climate-smart rice cultivation.

As India grapples with growing pressure on water resources, rising labour costs, and the need to reduce the environmental footprint of agriculture, the Federation of Seed Industry of India (FSII) on Tuesday called for transitioning to more resource-efficient cultivation practices at a conference on Direct Seeded Rice (DSR). Experts noted that DSR is emerging as a climate-smart and resource-efficient alternative capable of improving farm profitability while conserving natural resources.

FSII organised the 2nd edition of its conference on “Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) for Sustainable & Profitable Rice Production” on March 10, 2026, at NASC Complex, New Delhi. The conference brought together policymakers, scientists, industry leaders and agricultural experts to deliberate on the opportunities and challenges associated with scaling up DSR adoption across India’s rice-growing regions and to develop a strategic roadmap for accelerating its adoption.

Rice cultivation in India is increasingly coming under strain due to unsustainable groundwater extraction, particularly in the north-western rice belt. “In Punjab, groundwater extraction has reached nearly 156% of annual recharge, while Haryana stands at around 137%, indicating severe pressure on aquifers. Producing one kilogram of rice requires roughly 3,000-5,000 litres of water, making rice among the most water-intensive crops. At the same time, agriculture accounts for nearly 80% of India’s freshwater withdrawals. This underscores the urgent need to transition toward more water-efficient rice production systems,” said Ajai Rana, Chairman, Federation of Seed Industry of India (FSII) and CEO & MD, Savannah Seeds.

Rana said the seed industry has been actively working with research institutions and farmers to enable the adoption of Direct Seeded Rice through technological innovations “DSR faces a significant challenge in effective weed management. To address this, the seed industry, in collaboration with the public research system, has introduced herbicide tolerance technologies developed by both the public and private sectors, enabling farmers to manage weeds more efficiently using herbicides. During the last kharif season, nearly one lakh acres were cultivated under herbicide tolerant rice through drill-based sowing, with the highest adoption reported from Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh,” he said.

He noted that emerging risks such as nematode infestation during germination are also being addressed through innovation.

Dr P K Singh, Commissioner, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India, said that the adoption of new DSR technologies has already begun to show encouraging results in several states. Singh added that new seed technologies and crop protection innovations will play a critical role in transforming Indian agriculture.

“We are actively looking at new biologicals, improved crop protection chemistry and next-generation seed technologies, including hybrid and gene-edited varieties. These technologies, when combined with improved agronomic practices, can become real game changers for Indian agriculture and help us move toward more sustainable farming systems,” he said.

Dr Trilochan Mohapatra, Chairperson, PPVFRA and Former Secretary, DARE & DG, ICAR, said, “Direct Seeded Rice has the potential to significantly improve efficiency in rice cultivation while reducing input costs for farmers. Continued innovation in seed technologies, agronomy and mechanisation will be essential to address the challenges associated with DSR adoption and to enable farmers to fully realise its benefits.”

“We estimate that 20-60% of India’s rice area could potentially transition to DSR depending on agro-ecological conditions. With India cultivating rice on nearly 44 million hectares, even partial adoption could lead to massive savings in groundwater, energy used for irrigation pumping, and greenhouse gas emissions,” he said. Dr Mohapatra also highlighted the challenges faced by the sector in adopting new technologies. “Adoption of new technologies in agriculture has often been slow and challenging. However, collaboration between the public and private sectors will be essential to support farmers in adopting Direct Seeded Rice and fully realising its economic and environmental benefits,” he said.

Dr A K Singh, Former Director, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, added, “Rice will remain central to India’s food security, but the production systems must evolve to respond to emerging challenges related to natural resource conservation and climate change. Direct Seeded Rice offers an important pathway for sustainable intensification of rice systems, supported by strong research, improved seed varieties and effective extension services.”

Speaking at the conference, Mehat Lal Bisen, a progressive farmer from Madhya Pradesh shared his experience of adopting Direct Seeded Rice, noting that the practice has helped him reduce labour costs and water use while improving the overall efficiency of rice cultivation. The conference featured discussions on policy interventions, agronomy, weed management, seed technologies, and mechanisation required to expand the adoption of Direct Seeded Rice in India.

- Industry and Manufacture

11. Tata-Airbus aircraft: Modi, Macron unveil the final assembly line of H-125 helicopters in Karnataka

ET Gov. 18 Feb. 2026

The delivery of the first ‘Made in India’ H125 is expected in early 2027.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron virtually inaugurated the final assembly line of H-125 helicopters built jointly by Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) and Airbus at Vemagal in Karnataka.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh highlighted that the investment in the H-125 program is anticipated to exceed ₹ 1,000 crore and is likely to create direct and indirect employment opportunities for India's skilled and hardworking younger generation.

Addressing a press meet after the inauguration, PM Modi said, "We take pride in the fact that, together, India and France will manufacture in India the world's only helicopter capable of flying to the heights of Mount Everest and export it to the entire world.

The ‘Made in India’ H125 helicopter will help meet the Indian armed force’s requirement for a light multi-role helicopter and develop new civil and para-public market segments. It will essentially contribute to army operations on the icy heights of the country’s Himalayan frontiers. Tata and Airbus plan include a military version, the H125M, which will be offered out of this Indian factory with high levels of indigenised components and technologies.

The delivery of the first ‘Made in India’ H125 is expected in early 2027, TASL said in a release earlier, adding that the helicopter will be available for exports in the South Asian region as well.

Under the joint assembly line, Tata will undertake manufacturing and testing of H125 helicopters, including assembly, integration and testing of structural, mechanical, and electrical systems and components into a complete helicopter and final flight tests required before the delivery of the helicopter to customers.

The H125 helicopter is the world’s best-selling single-engine helicopter that outclasses other helicopters in its category. This high-performing versatile helicopter is a member of Airbus’ Ecureuil family, which has accumulated more than 40 million flight hours worldwide.

The helicopter can operate in high-and-hot and extreme environments and can be easily reconfigured for various missions, including, aerial work, firefighting, law enforcement, rescue, air ambulance, passenger transport, and many others.

The H125 is the only helicopter to have landed on Mount Everest, demonstrating its agility in operating in high altitude, extreme environments.

12. Develop AP as integrated strategic material hub, CM directs officials

Express News Service, 11 Mar 2026

Key takeaways

Investment & Jobs: CM N Chandrababu Naidu aims for Rs 50,000 crore investments and 40,000 jobs over the next decade through the AP Titanium and Strategic Materials Mission (AP-TSMM).

Valuable Minerals: The State’s coastline has beach sand minerals like ilmenite, rutile, zircon, monazite, garnet, and sillimanite, crucial for aerospace, defence, electronics, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, and more.

Processing Parks: Plans include a Titanium Park in Srikakulam, a Rare Earth Corridor in Anakapalli, and an Integrated Titanium & Rare Earth Corridor in Machilipatnam to boost industrial growth.

VIJAYAWADA: Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu has directed officials to develop Andhra Pradesh as an Integrated Strategic Material Hub.

At a review meeting on the Mines Department held at the Secretariat on Tuesday, he discussed the proposed Andhra Pradesh Titanium and Strategic Materials Mission (AP-TSMM) with officials. The discussions focused on attracting investments, developing value chains and creating employment opportunities.

The Chief Minister said the proposed mission would help bring large-scale investments into the State and create thousands of jobs, thereby giving a major boost to industrial growth. “A target of Rs 50,000 crore investments and creation of 40,000 jobs over the next decade through the mission should be set,” he said.

Naidu also said the officials should study the policies adopted by the Centre and other States regarding rare minerals and explore strategies to increase value addition.

The officials informed him that beach sand minerals found along the State’s coastline are among the most valuable in the country. The minerals include ilmenite, rutile, zircon, monazite, garnet and sillimanite. These minerals are used in several critical industries, including paints, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, defence, surgical equipment, ceramics, electronics, nuclear fuel and reactor components. The officials proposed the establishment of three major mineral processing parks in the State.

The proposals include a Titanium Park in Srikakulam with a production capacity of 1.5 million tonnes per year, a Rare Earth Corridor in Anakapalli with a capacity of 25,000 tonnes and an Integrated Titanium and Rare Earth Corridor in Machilipatnam.

The meeting was attended by Mines and Geology Minister Kollu Ravindra, Mines and Geology and Excise Department Principal Secretary Mukesh Kumar Meena, APMDC MD Praveen Kumar and others.

13. Renault sees India as global hub, plans 4 new locally developed models

ToI, 11 Mar., G Balachandar

Chennai: French automaker Renault is positioning India as a major global manufacturing and export hub as part of its 2030 growth strategy, with plans to launch four new locally developed models, including EVs and hybrids.

While unveiling the group's mid-term strategy ‘futuREady' in Paris on Tuesday, the top management indicated that India will play a central role in its international expansion as it looks to accelerate growth outside Europe. Renault sold 620,000 vehicles in markets outside Europe in 2025, an 11% increase from the previous year, and is now stepping up investments across its five global hubs — Morocco, Türkiye, Latin America, South Korea and India.

Internationally, India will become a key production and supply centre, serving both local and global markets by manufacturing a full range of models, including for Nissan, the company said, adding that India's rapidly expanding automotive market, driven by strong demand for SUVs and the gradual shift towards electrification, makes it a strategic centre for its long-term plans.

The company's proposed four new models in India by 2030, including fully electric and full-hybrid vehicles, will cater not only to Indian consumers but also to several export markets.

A key element of its strategy will be the production of its new B-segment sub-4 metre SUV derived from the Renault Bridger Concept. The model will be available in combustion, hybrid or electric versions depending on the market. It will be launched initially in India by the end of 2027, with a gradual roll-out to other international markets.

With more than 15 years of presence in the country, Renault said it will leverage its established supplier ecosystem and local manufacturing capabilities to scale production and support exports. Renault has now taken full ownership of the Renault-Nissan Alliance plant in Oragadam, near Chennai, which can produce up to 4.8 lakh units annually.

Renault Group targets global sales of over 2 million vehicles by 2030, with half of those coming from markets outside Europe. It also aims for 100% electrified sales in Europe and 50% electrified sales in international markets by the end of the decade.

14. Gujarat government places order for 34 train sets for Ahmedabad, Surat metros

TOI, 12 Mar. 2026

Key takeaways

Metro Expansion: Gujarat govt orders 34 new train sets — 10 for Ahmedabad Metro Phase 2 and 24 for Surat Metro, enhancing urban mobility.

Made in India: Trains are manufactured at Titagarh's advanced Kolkata facility, highlighting India's self-reliance in high-tech metro solutions.

Network Growth: Ahmedabad-Gandhinagar corridor already operational; Surat Metro under construction. Gujarat’s metro network will expand from 108km to 190km, including a 6.04km airport line.

Gandhinagar: The state govt said on Wednesday that it placed an order for 34 train sets for the Ahmedabad and Surat metro systems. Of these, 10 metro train sets will be used for Ahmedabad Metro Phase 2 and 24 train sets for Surat Metro, the govt said.

An official statement said these trains are being manufactured at Titagarh's advanced facility in Kolkata, showcasing India's growing self-reliance in high-tech urban mobility solutions. This initiative will strengthen public transport facilities in Gujarat, the statement added.

Under Ahmedabad Metro Phase 2, the 68.2km metro network in the Ahmedabad-Gandhinagar corridor is already operational, with 32 train sets in service. The addition of 10 more train sets will increase train frequency, reduce waiting times, and provide better facilities for passengers.

The statement added that currently, construction of the 40.3km long metro rail network in Surat is under progress.

The metro rail network in Gujarat currently extends to 108km, with an estimated expansion to 190km in the coming years. This includes a previously planned 6.04km airport line, which will further strengthen connectivity.

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15. Railways deploying AI-based inspection systems, drones, other technologies: Ashwini Vaishnaw

12 Mar. 2026, Lakshya Rana

Key takeaways

AI & Machine Vision: The Machine Vision Inspection System (MVIS) detects hanging, loose, or missing components in moving trains. Pilots are running in Northeast Frontier, DFCCIL, and South East Central Railways, with plans to expand.

Wheel & Rolling Stock Monitoring: Systems like Wheel Impact Load Detector (WILD) and Online Monitoring of Rolling Stock (OMRS) identify defective wheels and monitor bearings. Currently, 24 WILD and 25 OMRS units are operational.

Track & Overhead Tech: Integrated Track Monitoring Systems (ITMS) use ML and image processing for rail inspections, while drones with thermal imaging monitor overhead equipment. TRI-Netra aids drivers in foggy or adverse conditions using optical, infrared, and radar/lidar sensors.

New Delhi: Indian Railways is deploying and piloting several advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence-based inspection systems and drone monitoring, to enhance safety and efficiency across its network, the Parliament was told on Thursday.

In a written reply in the Lok Sabha, Railways Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw said technological improvement in the national transporter is a continuous process and several systems have been introduced or tested on a pilot basis.

He highlighted several systems deployed over Indian Railways, such as the Machine Vision Inspection System (MVIS), the Wheel Impact Load Detector (WILD), the Online Monitoring of Rolling Stock (OMRS), the Integrated Track Monitoring Systems (ITMS), and the Overhead Equipment (OHE).

The minister described the MVIS as an AI and machine learning-based solution designed to detect hanging, loose, or missing components in moving trains.

According to him, three MVIS units have been installed in the Northeast Frontier Railway, two in the Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited and one in the South East Central Railway on a pilot basis for freight stock.

Indian Railways has also signed a memorandum of understanding with DFCCIL to induct four additional MVIS units across its network for freight rolling stock. The minister said the Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) is also developing MVIS technology for rolling stock in collaboration with the industry.

Another system, the Wheel Impact Load Detector (WILD), identifies defective wheels in rolling stock by measuring the impact of wheels on tracks. "A total of 24 such systems have been installed across the railway network," he said.

Similarly, the Online Monitoring of Rolling Stock (OMRS) system monitors the condition of bearings and wheels.

So far, 25 OMRS systems have been installed, including one at Sirpur Kaghaznagar in the Secunderabad Division of the South Central Railway, the minister said.

For track inspection, the ITMS have been deployed to detect defects in rails, sleepers and fastenings using machine learning and image processing.

The Railways has also initiated drone-based monitoring of OHE with thermal imaging in the Raipur division on a pilot basis.

Moreover, the RDSO is developing TRI-Netra (Terrain Imaging for Locomotive Drivers), a system that combines optical cameras, infrared cameras and ranging devices such as radar or lidar to assist loco pilots during foggy or adverse weather conditions.

Vaishnaw also informed the House that the government has adopted a new Rail Tech Policy on February 26, to promote innovation and faster adoption of emerging technologies.

- Services (Education, Healthcare, IT, R&D, Tourism, etc.)

16. Revolutionizing Teacher Education in India: Insights from NCTE Chairperson Pankaj Arora on the VBSA Bill

ET Gov. 16 Feb. 2026

At the time when India’s higher education architecture is poised for structural transformation under the proposed Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan framework, the future of teacher education has assumed renewed significance.

The transition from multiple regulators to a unified, multidisciplinary oversight mechanism is not merely an administrative reform; it represents a deeper reimagining of governance, quality assurance, and academic integration in line with the aspirations of Viksit Bharat 2047 and the National Education Policy 2020.

In this conversation with Anoop Verma, Professor Pankaj Arora, Chairperson of the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), reflects on the implications of regulatory unification, the “light but tight” model of accountability, and the evolving ecosystem of accreditation and standards.

He also outlines how NCTE is operationalising NEP 2020 through the Integrated Teacher Education Programme, the National Professional Standards for Teachers, and the National Mission for Mentoring—initiatives designed to create a robust, future-ready teacher for a globally competitive India.

Edited excerpts:

How do you view the significance of the Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan Bill, in reshaping India’s higher education ecosystem?

There has been a long-standing discussion that if we genuinely want to streamline recognition and governance in higher education, we cannot continue with multiple regulators functioning in silos. The National Education Policy 2020 clearly envisions that higher education institutions should transform into multidisciplinary institutions. If institutions are becoming multidisciplinary, then the regulator must also be unified and multidisciplinary.

At present, institutions often have to approach different bodies—UGC for liberal courses, AICTE for technical education and NCTE for teacher education. Under the VBSA framework, this fragmentation will be revisited. Recognition for multiple courses across disciplines would come under one umbrella. This represents an ease-of-governance model aligned with NEP 2020.

Importantly, VBSA proposes three verticals—one for recognition, one for accreditation, and one for norms and standards. While these verticals will function independently, they will operate under a single umbrella structure. This ensures uniformity across programmes, facilitates smoother credit transfers, strengthens the Academic Bank of Credits, and enables flexible multi-entry and multi-exit options for students. The reform is not merely regulatory—it is academic and student-centric.

What key reforms does this Bill introduce to strengthen quality, accountability, and governance in higher education institutions?

One of the major reforms proposed is the self-disclosure mechanism.

The Regulatory Council will maintain a comprehensive public digital portal, where HEIs will be required to disclose information relating to financial probity, governance practices, finances, audits, procedures, infrastructure, faculty and staff, academic programmes, and educational outcomes. The data submitted on this public portal will also serve as the primary basis for accreditation, thereby ensuring transparency, accountability, and consistency across the higher education ecosystem.

NEP 2020 has described this approach as “light but tight.” ‘Light’, because the regulator will not micromanage institutions or impose excessive procedural burdens. ‘Tight’, because accountability will be strict and consequences for misinformation will be serious.

Another critical reform is harmonisation. A single body defining norms and standards across technical, teacher, and liberal education will enable uniform credit frameworks and learning outcomes. This integration will strengthen both regulatory clarity and academic coherence, ultimately benefiting students.

In what ways does the Bill align with the vision of Viksit Bharat and the goals of NEP 2020?

The Prime Minister has given a clear mandate to align our efforts toward achieving Viksit Bharat by 2047. Education is central to that aspiration. A developed nation cannot emerge without a robust education system.

Viksit Bharat implies that Indian education must achieve global standards. Indian students should be welcomed worldwide, and students from other countries should see India as a destination for quality education. We are already witnessing prestigious universities from countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, United States, Italy, and Malaysia expressing interest in establishing campuses in India.

For India to occupy a meaningful place on the global platform, our academic standards must meet international expectations. Education strengthens the economy, preserves culture and language, and produces ambassadors of India who represent the nation abroad. VBSA supports this global integration while retaining national priorities.

How do you see this Bill impacting teacher education and institutions under the purview of NCTE?

At present, NCTE performs two core functions. First, we grant recognition to institutions offering teacher education programmes after verifying infrastructure and faculty. Second, we define academic norms and standards for programmes such as B.Ed., D.El.Ed., M.Ed., B.P.Ed., and M.P.Ed. However, we do not currently have a strong, independent quality-check mechanism, once recognition is granted. Institutions may comply at the time of recognition, but continuous quality monitoring remains limited.

Under the VBSA structure, a dedicated accreditation vertical will ensure that all institutions—including teacher education institutions—undergo systematic accreditation. This fills a crucial gap. From the perspective of NCTE, this is a significant opportunity. Teacher education institutions will benefit from a unified and credible accreditation framework.

What message would you like to share with educators and institutions regarding the opportunities and expectations under this new framework?

Whenever systemic change occurs, stakeholders naturally express apprehension(s). But the composition of VBSA is designed to be inclusive. It proposes representation from state and central universities, higher education institutions, academicians, and even experts from industry and the corporate sector. It is a holistic structure.

There is no reason for fear. Initial challenges may arise, as they do with any reform, but they will be addressed over time. The Bill is in the public domain, and the Joint Parliamentary Committee has been constituted. Stakeholders are welcome to submit suggestions to strengthen the framework. We should not look at the future through the lens of the past. We must approach it with fresh thinking, guided by NEP 2020. The transformation is intended to simplify processes, improve transparency, and serve institutions, industry, and community more effectively.

How is NCTE translating the vision of NEP 2020 into concrete reforms in teacher education?

Post-NEP 2020, we have launched three major initiatives. The first is the Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP), a four-year dual – degree programme introduced in 2023. As on date offered by 77 institutions, it has now expanded to 223+ institutions from the academic year 2026–27. Seat availability has increased from 6,100 to 17,000+. This growth indicates strong acceptance, and early implementation challenges are being addressed through continuous guidance.

The second initiative is the National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST), mandated by NEP 2020. This digital framework ensures that teachers adhere to defined professional standards. Around 8,000 teachers have already been onboarded. The Ministry of Education has now mandated 100 percent onboarding of Kendriya Vidyalaya teachers, Navodaya Vidyalaya teachers, and participation from 500 CBSE schools. By March 2026, the target is to onboard 25,000 teachers.

The third initiative is the National Mission for Mentoring (NMM). Every teacher should have access to mentorship. We have organised conclaves and workshops across regions, including a major conclave at NIT Calicut attended by the Hon’ble Governor of Kerala, followed by workshops in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. Similar programmes are planned in the northern region, including a major conclave at IUCTE, BHU. These initiatives collectively operationalise NEP 2020 in tangible ways.

How do the National Mission for Mentoring and the National Professional Standards for Teachers work together?

Many teachers, especially new entrants, are expected to develop independently—by consulting seniors, referring to books, using platforms like DIKSHA, or attending state-level training programmes. The National Mission for Mentoring introduces a structured, digital platform-based solution.

Teachers can register either as mentors or as mentees. Experienced teachers can identify up to three domains of expertise from 30+ defined domains. New or even experienced teachers seeking guidance can register as mentees and connect in areas such as assessment, educational technology, or pedagogy. The platform enables structured interaction and professional growth. NPST defines standards; NMM enables personalised support to achieve them. Together, they create a continuous professional development ecosystem—digital, scalable, and national in scope.

What challenges do you foresee in implementing the VBSA Bill?

India’s federal structure means that both the Centre and the States play important roles in education. A uniform framework must coexist with institutional autonomy and state flexibility. The Bill clearly states that institutional autonomy—including that of IITs and NITs—will remain intact.

VBSA will provide a harmonised academic and regulatory framework while allowing flexibility wherever required. Institutions will no longer need to approach multiple regulators for different programmes. Regulatory processes will become smoother and more coherent. Minor implementation challenges are inevitable during transition, but they will evolve and stabilise over time. I do not see insurmountable obstacles. The intent is to simplify, integrate, and modernise India’s higher education system in line with national and global aspirations.

17. India eyes investments worth $200 billion in data centres: Ashwini Vaishnaw at AI Summit

ET Gov. 18 Feb. 2026

The government’s goal is to develop India into a world-class data hub that attracts investment across all five layers of the AI technology stack

NEW DELHI: India is targeting up to $200 billion in investments for data centres in the coming years as it ramps up efforts to position itself as a global artificial intelligence hub, said Electronics and IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw at the India AI Impact Summit on Tuesday

Addressing the media on the sidelines of the summit, Vaishnaw said the government’s goal is to develop India into a world-class data hub that attracts investment across all five layers of the AI technology stack — spanning infrastructure, computing, storage, applications and energy requirements.

“We are aiming to make India the data hub of the world, and we are hoping that in the next two years, we will be able to attract investments that would span all five layers of the AI stack,” Vaishnaw said at the briefing.

The projected inflows highlight how global technology giants increasingly view India as a strategic base for infrastructure, talent and market expansion in the intensifying global AI race.

The announcement builds on earlier pitches by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who, ahead of the summit, said India is ready to host global data workloads and become a leading player in digital infrastructure and AI development.

In recent years, several tech giants have already signalled significant investment plans in India’s digital and AI ecosystem. In October, Google unveiled a $15 billion AI hub project and data centre campus, while other global firms have also committed substantial funds to Indian AI, cloud and computing infrastructure.

The government’s strategy is reinforced by policy incentives introduced in the Union Budget, including tax breaks and regulatory support for data centre development, designed to lower costs and accelerate infrastructure build-out.

India’s ambition to become a global AI hub also aligns with efforts to promote homegrown foundational models and AI technologies that cater to local languages and use cases, as well as India’s broader push to shape international AI policy and governance.

18. AI Summit: Ashwini Vaishnaw lays out five-layer strategy to power inclusive growth

ETGov. 20 Feb. 2026

India is hosting its first global AI summit, welcoming leaders from 118 countries. Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw detailed a five-layer AI strategy.

The AI-India Impact summit on Thursday witnessed the welcome of high profile heads of state by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Speaking at the summit, Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw on Thursday outlined India's comprehensive five-layer artificial intelligence strategy at the first global AI Summit hosted in the country, calling it the "biggest AI summit so far" with participation from 118 countries.

"Welcome to the first AI summit in the global south and the biggest AI summit so far. We have participation from 118 countries. Thank you all for making this summit a grand success...PM Narendra Modi believes that the true value of technology lies in ensuring that its benefits reach the masses. Our Prime Minister's vision is to democratize technology, deploy it at scale, make it accessible to all," Vaishnaw said.

Addressing heads of state, delegates, industry leaders, students and members of the media, Vaishnaw said artificial intelligence is a foundational technology that is already transforming how people work, learn and make decisions.

"AI is a foundational technology transforming work and decision-making, and the Prime Minister's vision is to democratise and scale it so its benefits reach the masses. India is working across all five layers of the AI stack, focusing on real-world solutions in sectors like healthcare, agriculture, education, and finance," he said.

"At the model layer, emphasis is placed on sovereignty, with the belief that over 90 per cent of use cases can be addressed through smaller, specialised models that deliver value at lower cost," he added.

The Minister highlighted that third layer is compute infrastructure, while the fourth layer is infrastructure and the fifth and final layer is energy. Vaishnaw underscored India's commitment to clean power, stating that more than 50 per cent of the country's installed power generation capacity now comes from renewable and clean energy sources.

Referring to a recent policy announcement during the Union Budget, he said India aims to attract global data to be processed within the country, delivering high-value digital services worldwide. He expressed optimism about significant investments in data centres in the coming months.

The Minister highlighted India's vision of placing Compute as a tool for doing good for its citizens.

"We treat compute as a public good. In a public-private partnership, we have created a common compute platform where we are providing access to 38,000 GPUs at a very affordable rate for our startups, academia, researchers and students. We will be adding another 20,000 GPUs to this common compute platform," Vasihnaw said.

The Minister said this integrated, five-layer approach reflects India's ambition to emerge as a trusted and inclusive global AI hub while ensuring that technological progress remains aligned with social and economic development.

19. Why only Madurai? Declare Hubballi and Belagavi airports as international too: Karnataka minister MB Patil

Moneycontrol News, 11 Mar. 2026

Key takeaways

Airport Upgrade Request: Minister MB Patil urges the Union government to declare Hubballi and Belagavi airports as international, highlighting benefits for North Karnataka.

Alleged Discrimination: Patil criticizes the Centre for approving Madurai airport while ignoring Karnataka, suggesting a political motive linked to upcoming Tamil Nadu elections.

Political Action Needed: Patil calls on MPs like Pralhad Joshi, Jagadish Shettar, and Basavaraj Bommai to actively support the state’s demand for international airport status.

The Narendra Modi-led Union government has declared Madurai airport in Tamil Nadu as an international airport but has not taken a similar decision regarding Hubballi and Belagavi airports in Karnataka, Infrastructure Development Minister MB Patil said on Wednesday, alleging a 'discriminatory approach'.

Speaking to reporters, Patil said the Centre may have taken the decision keeping the upcoming Tamil Nadu elections in mind. However, its indifferent attitude towards Karnataka’s demand is questionable, he added.

Patil said a letter had been written on June 24, 2025, to Union Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu requesting that Hubballi and Belagavi airports be upgraded to international status, noting that the move would greatly benefit the North Karnataka region.

“In this context, Union Minister and Dharwad MP Pralhad Joshi, Belagavi MP Jagadish Shettar, and Haveri MP Basavaraj Bommai should raise their voices and stand firmly for the interests of the state,” he urged.

At least one of the two airports-Hubballi or Belagavi-should be declared an international airport, he said, adding that it would be even more welcome if both are upgraded. The Central Government must recognise the state’s requirement, Patil added.

20. Opinion | Srinivasa Ramanujan: The Self-Taught Genius Who Revolutionised Mathematics

News 18, 26 Apr. Opinion by B Sathish

Among the world’s legendary mathematicians, such as Leonhard Euler, Carl Gauss, and Carl Jacobi, a common trait is that they were trained by professionals. In stark contrast, Srinivasa Ramanujan (22nd Dec 1887–26th Apr 1920) was a self-taught mathematician. He once said, “An equation for me has no meaning unless it expresses a thought of God.” Ramanujan believed his mathematical insights were divine revelations bestowed by Goddess Namagiri Thayar of the ancient sixth-century temple in Namakkal. Deeply devout, he maintained that his discoveries were not merely the result of study, but were revealed to him in dreams by the Goddess.

Early Days

Ramanujan’s father, Kuppuswamy Srinivasa Iyengar, worked as a clerk in a sari shop, while his mother, Komalathammal, played a significant role in nurturing his early education. They lived in a small, traditional home in Kumbakonam. At the age of 21, Srinivasa Ramanujan married a ten-year-old girl, Janakiammal, on 14 July 1909. Although they had no children, Janakiammal’s life was remarkable in its own right. Ramanujan’s wife and mother lived with him until he left for England on 17 March 1914.

By the age of 15, Ramanujan had mastered trigonometry, algebra, geometry, cubic equations, and more. However, due to his intense obsession with mathematics, he lost his scholarship at Kumbakonam Government College in 1904 and subsequently failed to obtain a degree from Presidency College, Madras, in 1907. Interestingly, at just 18 years old, Ramanujan left home following a misunderstanding — an incident that was reported in The Hindu newspaper under the headline “A Missing Boy”.

Well-Wishers

Thanks to Ramaswamy Aiyer, the founder of the Indian Mathematical Society (IMS), who recognised the potential of this gifted mathematician. Ramanujan first published “Some Properties of Bernoulli’s Numbers” in 1910, and from then on, he published a total of 12 research papers in the Journal of the

Indian Mathematical Society.

In 1912, after securing a clerical job at the Madras Port Trust, Ramanujan joined the University of Madras as its first research scholar in May 1913.

Ramaswamy Aiyer introduced him to Sheshu Aiyar, who, in turn, gave Ramanujan a note of recommendation to meet Dewan Bahadur R. Ramachandra Rao, the then District Collector of Nellore and a noted mathematics enthusiast. On the suggestion of Sheshu Aiyar, Ramanujan began writing to well-known mathematicians in Britain, starting with unsuccessful attempts to reach M.J.M. Hill, E.W. Hobson, and H.F. Baker.

It was in January 1913 that Ramanujan wrote one of the most famous letters in the history of mathematics. The recipient was G.H. Hardy, a lecturer at Trinity College, Cambridge, and one of Britain’s foremost pure mathematicians. Without Hardy’s intervention, Ramanujan might never have been recognised as the greatest mathematician of the twentieth century. It was Hardy who truly discovered Ramanujan’s genius. (Explore the Hardy–Ramanujan number: 1729!)

Hardy wrote of Ramanujan: “Here was a man who could work out modular equations and theorems… to orders unheard of, whose mastery of continued fractions was… beyond that of any mathematician in the world.”

Ramanujan travelled to England on 17 March 1914, after seeking the permission of Goddess Namagiri Thayar of Namakkal, and stayed for about five years until 1919. In just five years, he earned the reputation of being the greatest mathematician of the twentieth century, even as the world was engulfed in the First World War. He solved numerous complex problems that had remained unsolved for centuries.

How could a non-mathematician even imagine such achievements? For his work, Ramanujan’s name was accepted for the Fellowship of the Royal Society, and he was also elected a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

In 2012, Ken Ono of Emory University, United States, finally solved a problem that had remained an open challenge to mathematicians for 90 years — a problem originating from Srinivasa Ramanujan’s last mysterious letter. Professor Ono referred to the problem mentioned in Ramanujan’s final letter to Professor G.H. Hardy. In his speech, Professor Ono said, “No one was talking about black holes back in the 1920s when Ramanujan first came up with the mock modular forms, and yet, his work may unlock secrets about them.”

Ramanujan’s most celebrated works include number theory, infinite series, elliptic functions, modular forms, and mock theta functions, among others. School education departments should make it mandatory for students to visit the little-known Ramanujan Museum (established in 1993 in Parry’s, Chennai), which houses a collection of some of his works — thanks to the efforts of mathematics educator P.K. Srinivasan.

It would be an injustice not to mention Janakiammal and how her life unfolded after the sudden demise of Ramanujan at the young age of 32. After Ramanujan’s passing, Janakiammal lived in Mumbai for eight years, where she learnt tailoring and English. She returned to Madras in 1932, choosing to live as an independent woman. Hanumantharayan Koil Street in Triplicane became her home for the next 50 years. Tailoring helped her to survive financially.

She later adopted W. Narayanan after her close friend Soundravalli passed away. As a foster mother, Janakiammal ensured that Narayanan received a proper education and got him married in 1972. Narayanan and his wife, Vaidehi, took great care of Janakiammal until her death on 13 April 1994, at the age of 94.

In her later years, Janakiammal fondly recalled: “I considered it my good fortune to give him rice, lemon juice, buttermilk, etc., at regular intervals and to give fomentation to his legs and chest when he reported pain. The two vessels used then for preparing hot water are still with me; these remind me often of those days.”

Thanks are due to the governments of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal, Madras University, and various mathematical institutions for their constant financial support to Janakiammal. The Hinduja Foundation also donated Rs 20,000 towards her welfare.

Janakiammal was a philanthropist as well, providing financial support to many students.

In interviews conducted soon after the discovery of Ramanujan’s “lost” notebook by George Andrews in 1976, Janakiammal lamented that a statue of Ramanujan had never been made, despite earlier promises. After the efforts of hundreds of mathematicians, a bronze bust was finally created from the only authentic passport-sized photograph of Ramanujan by American sculptor Paul Granlund. A copy of the bust was presented to Mrs Ramanujan at a formal function at the University of Madras in 1985 — after a gap of 60 years.

I leave it to readers: are we truly celebrating him? If not, we must learn about Srinivasa Ramanujan and educate our children about his legacy. It is not only the government’s responsibility; it is ours as well.

One can only hope that, as centuries pass, Srinivasa Ramanujan will be remembered alongside other luminaries such as Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara.

The author is engineering graduate and has over 18 years work experience in automotive industry. Area of interest: National Affairs, History, Economics and Religion. Views expressed in the above piece are personal and solely those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect News18’s views.

India and the World

21. Brazil and India: A New Era of AI and Agricultural Cooperation

ET Gov. 21 Feb. 2006

Paulo Teixeira, Minister of Agrarian Development and Family Farming, Government of Brazil

As Brazil deepens its strategic engagement with India during the state visit of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, agricultural cooperation has assumed renewed strategic significance in the bilateral relationship.

Against this backdrop, Paulo Teixeira, Minister of Agrarian Development and Family Farming, Government of Brazil, visited Leads Connect in Noida, where the company inaugurated its AI-Enabled Integrated Command Centre for Risk Intelligence (ICCRI) and unveiled KEDAR–PARVATI, an AI-powered large-scale intelligence platform designed for agricultural and climate risk management.

The launch, held in the presence of a high-level Brazilian delegation, underscored the growing convergence between India and Brazil in leveraging advanced technologies to strengthen food security, rural livelihoods, and climate resilience. As two major agricultural economies navigating global supply-chain pressures and environmental volatility, both countries are increasingly aligning policy frameworks with digital innovation to build sustainable, data-driven farming ecosystems.

In this interview conducted by Anoop Verma on the sidelines of the inauguration, Minister Teixeira reflects on Brazil’s evolving rural development model under President Lula, the balance between export-oriented agribusiness and family farming, and the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence in risk intelligence, value-chain stability, and inclusive agricultural growth.

Edited Excerpts:

As Minister of Agrarian Development and Family Farming, how are you redefining Brazil’s rural development model under President Lula’s renewed emphasis on social inclusion and food sovereignty?

President Lula’s central priority is clear: food security and food sovereignty for every Brazilian family. Our rural development model is built on ensuring that families—especially small and vulnerable farmers—have access to food, income, and dignity. Family farming is not only an economic activity; it is a social and developmental pillar. We are strengthening public policies that guarantee access to credit, technical assistance, markets, and institutional procurement, so that rural families can produce sustainably while ensuring food availability for the nation.

Brazil is both an agricultural superpower and home to millions of family farmers. How do you balance export-driven agribusiness with inclusive rural farming?

Brazilian Minister of Agrarian Development and Family Agriculture Paulo Teixeira, centre, and others during the inauguration of an Al-Enabled Integrated Command Centre for Risk Intelligence (ICCRI) and Al-powered large-scale intelligence platform, 'KEDAR-PARVATT' by Leads Connect

Brazil’s agribusiness sector and family farming sector perform complementary roles. Large-scale agribusiness is heavily export-oriented and plays a crucial role in foreign trade and global food supply chains. Family farmers, on the other hand, are responsible for a diverse range of products that supply the domestic market and ensure food security.

President Lula’s approach recognises both sectors. We support agribusiness in maintaining Brazil’s global competitiveness, while simultaneously strengthening family farming through targeted public policies. Inclusive rural development means ensuring that smallholders are integrated into value chains and have access to technology and markets without losing their local and community focus.

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is currently on a state visit to India. How do you see agricultural cooperation emerging as a strategic pillar in India–Brazil relations?

India and Brazil share many similarities as large agricultural economies with diverse production systems. India has strong capabilities in agricultural machinery, technical expertise, and emerging digital technologies. Brazil has advanced experience in tropical agriculture, biotechnology, livestock genetics, and plantation science.

There is significant potential for technology exchange and joint innovation. For example, Brazilian companies are working with Indian partners in livestock genetics, including embryo technology. This is a mutually beneficial relationship—India and Brazil can combine their comparative advantages to strengthen food production, sustainability, and market integration in both countries.

India is making a major push in Artificial Intelligence, including applications in agriculture. You witnessed the AI-enabled platforms at Leads Connect, including the launch of KEDAR–PARVATI. How do you see India–Brazil collaboration in AI for agriculture?

Artificial Intelligence represents a very important stage in global agricultural development. Brazil and India can benefit greatly from exchanging knowledge and technological expertise in this field. The demonstration at Leads Connect showed how AI can integrate satellite intelligence, financial risk modelling, and advanced analytics into one unified system. Such platforms can improve crop monitoring, climate risk forecasting, and financial inclusion for farmers. If we collaborate, sharing data, research, and technical capacity, both countries can accelerate innovation and build more resilient agricultural systems.

The KEDAR–PARVATI platform integrates satellite intelligence, financial risk modelling, and AI-driven analytics. How do you see such systems contributing to climate-resilient farming and value chain stability in Brazil?

Systems like this are important because agriculture today depends heavily on accurate information. Climate variability, market fluctuations, and financial risks all affect farmers’ livelihoods. If we can absorb and adapt these technologies into our agricultural ecosystem, we can enhance risk management and improve decision-making.

Brazil already has strong agricultural research institutions and data systems. Integrating advanced AI platforms can strengthen early-warning systems, improve planning, and support sustainable value chains. Technology must serve farmers, reduce vulnerability, and stabilise production and markets.

During your visit to India, are you engaging with Indian ministries and institutions? What are your expectations from these meetings?

We are holding meetings with Indian counterparts, including agricultural and technology institutions. Our objective is to propose structured cooperation frameworks between India and Brazil in agricultural research, technology exchange, and innovation partnerships. We are particularly interested in expanding collaboration in areas such as tropical agriculture, sustainable value chains, digital advisory systems, and family farming development. We believe this visit can lay the groundwork for long-term institutional cooperation.

22. US Supreme Court Strikes Down Trump’s Global Tariffs, Relief For India And Other Nations

RuralVoice Feb 20, 2026, Ajeet Singh

The US Supreme Court has struck down President Donald Trump’s sweeping “Liberation Day” global tariffs in a 6-3 ruling, finding that he exceeded his authority by invoking a national emergency law without congressional approval.

In a major blow to President Donald Trump’s economic agenda, the US Supreme Court has struck down his sweeping “Liberation Day” global tariffs, ruling that he exceeded his authority by imposing them under a law reserved for national emergencies.

By a 6-3 majority, the justices held that Trump improperly relied on the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 to enact broad import taxes without congressional approval. The court made clear that while the statute allows the president to regulate certain economic transactions during a declared emergency, it does not authorize the unilateral imposition of tariffs. The power to levy taxes on imports, the court emphasized, rests with Congress.

3.Check on Executive Power

The ruling represents a significant judicial check on the expansive use of executive authority. Trump, a longtime advocate of tariffs, argued that taxing imported goods would boost American manufacturing, reduce trade deficits, and strengthen domestic industry.

Many in the business community, as well as Trump’s political adversaries, rejected that argument, warning that the tariffs increased costs for companies and consumers while disrupting global supply chains.

The court’s decision specifically applies to the so-called “Liberation Day” tariffs — sweeping duties imposed on goods from a wide range of US trading partners. It does not affect separate, country-specific or product-specific tariffs enacted under other statutory authorities.

Financial markets responded quickly. Wall Street rose in early trading after the ruling, reflecting investor optimism that easing trade barriers could reduce uncertainty and improve global trade flows.

4.Impact on India

The ruling could carry meaningful implications for India, one of the United States’ key trading partners. If the “Liberation Day” tariffs included broad duties affecting Indian exports, sectors such as pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, textiles, auto components, and information technology hardware could benefit from reduced trade friction.

Indian exporters had faced higher compliance costs and pricing pressures under sweeping tariff regimes. The court’s decision may improve predictability in US trade policy, a factor crucial for long-term supply contracts and investment planning.

However, any India-specific or product-specific tariffs imposed under separate legal provisions would remain unaffected. Trade experts say the judgment may also create space for more structured, congressionally backed trade negotiations between Washington and New Delhi rather than unilateral executive actions.

5.How the Case Reached the Court

The Supreme Court upheld earlier lower court rulings that Trump had overstepped his authority. The legal challenge was brought by businesses affected by the tariffs, along with 12 US states, most governed by Democrats. They argued that the president’s unprecedented use of an emergency law to impose broad import taxes violated the constitutional separation of powers.

The decision is expected to shape future debates over presidential power in trade policy and could influence how emergency economic laws are interpreted in the years ahead.

23. India races to grab Russian oil after US waiver

India has rapidly secured about 30 million barrels of Russian crude after the US granted a 30-day waiver to ease supply disruptions from Middle East tensions. The waiver, covering cargoes already at sea, comes as the closure of the Strait of Hormuz has sharply reduced flows from the Gulf, a key source for nearly 40% of India’s oil imports. Analysts caution the purchases could bolster Russia’s revenues and shift global energy alignments, with uncertainty over post-waiver arrangements.

India seizes opportunity after US waiver

Following Washington’s 30-day waiver, Indian refiners including IOC and Reliance bought roughly 30 million barrels of Russian crude already loaded but unsold. Cargoes of Urals, ESPO and Varandey grades were sold at $2–$8 premiums over Brent, a sharp contrast to earlier discounts. Several tankers altered course toward India after the waiver, highlighting the swift response from buyers.

Middle East turmoil fuels supply crunch

The Strait of Hormuz closure after US-Israel strikes on Iran has disrupted a key route for nearly 40% of India’s oil imports from the Middle East. With Gulf crude flows constrained, Russian barrels already in nearby waters became an immediate alternative. Eastern route shipments from Russia take around 25 days, making these closer cargoes more appealing for quick delivery. The Economic Times + 4

Price surge benefits Moscow

Russian Urals crude, previously $10–$13 cheaper than Brent, is now commanding $4–$5 more for March and April deliveries to India. The Gulf supply crunch has driven Asian refiners to bid up prices, boosting Russia’s export earnings despite ongoing Western sanctions. Analysts warn this could offset some intended impacts of sanctions on Moscow’s war funding. Moneycontrol + 1

24. Over 2,000 filings a year: The compliance cost of India's GCC boom

ET, 12 Mar.

Key takeaways

Regulatory Load: GCCs in India navigate over 500 legal obligations and 2,000+ annual filings, spanning labour, tax, and environmental laws across 18 regulatory bodies.

Strategic Evolution: Originally cost-saving back-office hubs, GCCs now drive AI, digital transformation, and global compliance, with high-value roles seeing 18-22% salary growth annually.

Compliance Risks: Labour and employment laws pose the highest penal exposure, with 60 of 90 central/state provisions allowing imprisonment linked to labour statutes; state policies like Karnataka's Employers' Compliance Decriminalisation Bill aim to reduce operational burden.

New Delhi: India has emerged as the undisputed global hub for Global Capability Centres (GCCs), hosting over 55% of such facilities worldwide, yet these innovation engines must navigate a staggering regulatory maze of more than 500 distinct legal obligations and over 2,000 annual filings across central, state, and local levels.

TeamLease RegTech, in a study titled 'GCCs in India: Cultivating Capability, Ensuring Compliance', noted that despite their rapid expansion and contribution of over USD 64.6 billion in export revenue, GCCs operate within one of the most extensive compliance frameworks governing any enterprise ecosystem.

"The compliance requirements for a typical GCC establishment can be classified across seven categories. Each of these categories contains several laws, rules and regulations with varying degrees of applicability depending on the establishment's size, nature and operations.

"A GCC registered under a Special Economic Zone in Karnataka with a 1,000-seating capacity needs to deal with 537 obligations. However, this figure inflates to 2,051 once we factor in the annual frequency of these obligations. This figure can go even higher given the nature of ongoing and event-based compliances that do not have a fixed frequency," the report stated.

To maintain operational continuity, an average centre is required to manage 81 monthly, 185 quarterly, and 194 annual submissions, as well as event-based requirements triggered by workforce size or business expansion.

The compliance framework spans labour, tax, and environmental laws, involving 18 regulatory bodies across central, state, and local levels.

Global Capability Centres (GCCs) are dedicated offshore facilities wholly owned and operated by multinational corporations. Originally established as cost-saving extensions for routine back-office and IT support, these centres have evolved into strategic global hubs.

Today, GCCs drive high-value functions for their parent companies, including product engineering, artificial intelligence research, digital transformation, and global compliance management.

GCCs are heavily concentrated in sectors such as technology services, banking and financial services, manufacturing, life sciences, and engineering. Driven by a rising demand for advanced digital capabilities, salaries for top roles in artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and cloud computing are growing at 18-22% annually.

Highlighting the severe risks of non-compliance, the report found that labour and employment statutes contribute the largest share of penal exposure, comprising 151 obligations. Notably, of the 90 central and state provisions that allow for imprisonment, 60 are specifically linked to labour laws, followed by fiscal statutes and corporate governance requirements.

Geography also plays a significant role in shaping compliance outcomes. The report cited Karnataka as an example of state-level policy impact, noting that the state's 2025-26 Budget introduced the Employers' Compliance Decriminalisation Bill.

The legislation aims to replace criminal penalties for certain compliance violations with monetary fines or civil actions, thereby reducing the operational burden on businesses.

"As India's GCCs evolve into high-velocity engines for AI and cybersecurity, they can no longer afford the operational friction of manual, reactive processes that leave an organisation compliant by accident," said Rishi Agrawal, Co-Founder and CEO of TeamLease RegTech.

Agrawal added that in a rapidly shifting regulatory landscape, achieving true compliance maturity is a "strategic necessity" to allow innovation to scale without legal compromise.

For more news like this visit The Economic Times.

25. Indian universities older than many modern nations

India Today Education Desk

Key takeaways

Nalanda University (5th Century CE, Bihar): A major centre for philosophy, medicine, astronomy, and grammar, attracting students from China, Korea, Sri Lanka, and Central Asia; recently revived as an international university.

Takshashila (6th Century BCE): One of the earliest known higher learning institutions, teaching statecraft, mathematics, medicine, and warfare nearly 2,500 years ago—long before many modern countries existed.

Serampore College (1818, West Bengal): Among India's first modern universities, granted a royal charter in 1827 to confer degrees, making it older than nations like Belgium and Italy.

India's history of organised learning goes back much earlier than the birth of many countries that exist today. Long before modern nation-states were formed, centres of study in the subcontinent taught thousands of students who travelled from across Asia. Some of these institutions existed centuries before countries like the United States, Germany, Japan or Italy came into their present form.

This article looks at Indian universities that are older than several modern nations and explains why their stories remain important today.

NALANDA UNIVERSITY (5TH CENTURY CE, BIHAR)

Nalanda was set up around the 5th century during the Gupta period. It drew students from China, Korea, Sri Lanka and Central Asia.

The campus hosted discussions on philosophy, medicine, astronomy and grammar. The institution thrived at a time when many present-day countries had not yet formed.

Nalanda was destroyed in the 12th century but revived recently as an international university.

TAKHSHASHILA (6TH CENTURY BCE)

Takshashila, located in present-day Pakistan, was one of the earliest known centres of higher learning in the subcontinent. Records show students studied statecraft, mathematics, medicine and warfare nearly 2,500 years ago.

Modern countries like Canada, Australia and many European states appeared millennia later.

MITHILA CENTRES OF LEARNING (EARLY FIRST MILLENNIUM, BIHAR)

The Mithila region developed strong traditions in logic and philosophy. Scholars here shaped schools of thought that influenced later Indian learning. These centres existed long before many nations formed after World War I and II.

SERAMPORE COLLEGE (1818, WEST BENGAL)

Serampore College is one of India's earliest modern institutions. It received a royal charter in 1827, giving it the authority to grant degrees. This makes it older than Belgium, Italy and several Latin American republics.

UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA (1857)

Calcutta University was founded during British rule. It became one of the earliest modern universities in Asia. It predates countries like Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and South Korea.

UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS (1857)

Madras University played a central role in shaping higher education in southern India. It became a model for several institutions in the region. The university is older than the unified Germany and Malaysia.

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI (1857)

Mumbai University began in the same year as Calcutta and Madras. It became a key centre for law, literature and public administration. It predates many modern republics formed after decolonisation.

SANSKRIT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY, VARANASI (1791)

This institution kept classical studies alive during a period of major political change. It predates the independence of Greece and the unification of Italy.

***

AAPI

Pages

Saturday, 14 March 2026

Newsletter, March 2026

– GENERAL POLICY, INFRASTRUCTURES, COUNTRY FINANCES, ETC.

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NEWSLETTER, March 2026

– GENERAL POLICY, INFRASTRUCTURES, COUNTRY FINANCES, ETC.

- General policy, Infrastructures, Country Finances, etc.

- Agriculture, Fishing and Rural Development

- Industry and Manufacture

- Services (Education, Healthcare, IT, R&D, Tourism, etc.)

India and the World

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